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|subdivision_type1 = State |subdivision_name1 = |subdivision_type2 = County |subdivision_name2 = Los Angeles | government_footnotes = | government_type = | leader_title = | leader_name = | leader_title1 = | leader_name1 = | established_title = | established_date = | unit_pref = Imperial | area_footnotes = | area_magnitude = | area_total_km2 = | area_land_km2 = | area_water_km2 = | population_as_of = 2000 | population_footnotes = | population_total = | population_density_km2 = auto | timezone = Pacific (PST) | utc_offset = -8 | timezone_DST = PDT | utc_offset_DST = -7 | elevation_footnotes = | elevation_ft = | coordinates_display = inline,title | coordinates_type = type:city_region:US | latd = 34 | latm = 8 | lats =20 | latNS = N | longd=118 | longm=21 | longs= 9 | longEW = W | postal_code_type = ZIP codes | postal_code = 91608 | area_code_type = Area codes | area_code = 747/818 | blank_name = FIPS code | blank_info = 06-81232 | blank1_name = GNIS feature ID | blank1_info = | website = | footnotes = }} Universal City is an unincorporated area within in the San Fernando Valley region of the city of Los Angeles, California. Approximately 415 acres (1.7 km²) it's the property of Universal Studios, one of the six major film studios in the United States. Approximately 70 percent of the property is inside an unincorporated community surrounded by the City of Los Angeles, while the remaining area is within the Los Angeles city limits. The 70 percent portion of the property remains unincorporated to avoid the City of Los Angeles' business taxes and regulations (the community has a building permit office on site in order to simplify the building process). Located within the area of Universal City is the Universal Studios Hollywood theme park; the Universal CityWalk shopping and entertainment center; the former Gibson Amphitheatre; and Universal's studios, sets and backlots. Within the Los Angeles city limits are 10 Universal City Plaza, a 36-floor office building for Universal and NBC; the Sheraton Universal; and the Universal Hilton. The Metro Red Line underground station of the same name is located opposite the 10 Universal Plaza. A Los Angeles County Sheriff's Department station is located at Universal CityWalk, and the community also houses the only government-funded fire station located on private property. The Los Angeles County Fire Department Station 51 is of special significance to Universal, as "Station 51" was the fictional setting of the Universal and Jack Webb television series ''Emergency!''.〔http://www.9-1-1magazine.com/Archives-0811-Rigg-Universal-Studio-Fire. Retrieved April 28, 2015.The article cites Station 51's coverage area, Universal Studios.〕 Universal City's ZIP code is 91608,〔(【引用サイトリンク】title= Look Up a ZIP Code )〕 and the community is inside area code 818.〔(【引用サイトリンク】 publisher= 411.com )〕 ==History== Carl Laemmle ( ) officially opened the Second Universal City (Lankershim Boulevard) on March 15, 1915, on a Taylor Ranch property. At the launch event, in what is now the North Hollywood area, a crowd of men and women, dressed in the attire of the era, eagerly awaited the display of the film stages, daredevil stunt pilots and silent film idols, as well as the movie cameras Laemmle had brought along. "See how slapstick comedies are made. See your favorite screen stars do their work. See how we make the people laugh or cry or sit on the edge of their chairs the world over!" stated a poster touting Universal's opening. "C'mon out! Aw, c'mon!" Universal Pictures' founder was a German immigrant who opened his first nickelodeon in Chicago in 1906. He moved to New York City, where he soon joined with half a dozen small motion picture companies to create the movie company he called Universal Pictures. In 1912, Laemmle briefly operated three small studios - Bison, Nestor, and Oak Crest Ranch. After a court battle with New York Motion Picture Company, control of the Bison lot was returned to the New York Motion Picture Company. The court allowed Carl Laemmle to retain use of the name "Bison" as "Bison 101" for his westerns,〔 "Film History Before 1920 - Greatest Films", Filmsite.org, (FS4 ). 〕 which were filmed on the Oak Crest property in the San Fernando Valley. The Oak Crest Ranch is where Laemmle filmed the western ''At Old Fort Dearborn''. The Providencia Land and Water company, called "Oak Crest Ranch" in the trade papers, became the first Universal City Location. In 1913, Laemmle decided to consolidate the Nestor studio (Hollywood) and Oak Crest ranch (Providencia) property. His first Universal City was too small, so he ordered a search for a new and larger property in the valley, a location with more space to use for his Universal City. Laemmle leased Providencia ranchland in the San Fernando Valley in 1912. If it was a city, it was a haphazard one (Motion Picture World): With the help of nearly 300 movie hands and actors, he erected makeshift buildings, set up cameras and began churning out hundreds of one- and two-reel silent westerns. Other studio chiefs laughed, calling the place "Laemmle's Folly" and jeering that it was so far out of town that Laemmle could film scenery for free anywhere he wanted. Laemmle himself had second thoughts and worried that maybe he had made a huge mistake. But he was to soon live his greatest dreams. Success was found all around with his "city" containing streets, bungalows, sets and viewing stands – all so the public could observe the magic of moviemaking. In the meantime, Laemmle added a zoo to the Oak Crest Ranch (''Moving Picture World'' ad 1913) – which was open to visitors to generate free advertising by word of mouth. The Rotarians of Los Angeles were one of the groups permitted to visit the Oak Crest - Universal City. (''The Rotarian'' - Feb 1914) The Oak Crest ranch being too small (Scrap-it), for his larger Universal City, Laemmle bought the Lankershim land and Water property, the Taylor ranch for $165,000, calling it his "New Universal City". In 1914, operations at The Oak Ranch (Providencia Ranch) were moved to the Taylor (Lankershim) ranch. The Universal (Oak Crest) ranch zoo was moved to the Back Ranch of the Lankershim property. (Picture World ) The new Universal City was opened for Universal staff in 1914. Laemmle went on an eight-day whistle-stop tour from Chicago to Los Angeles the week before Universal City's grand Public opening. His promoters even sold the grand (and technically impossible) lie that Laemmle had persuaded the Secretary of the Navy to send a battleship up the Los Angeles River to fire a salvo on opening day. Easterners, they hoped, would believe anything they heard about California. After World War I, Laemmle brought even more kin over from war-torn Europe, increasing the payroll to 70. His cheerful nepotism was immortalized in humorist Ogden Nash's couplet: ''Uncle Carl Laemmle has a very large faemmle.'' Carl Laemmle was responsible for creating the "star system" rather than just using anonymous actors in films. Laemmle was forced to end studio tours in the 1920s, when talkies came along and "quiet on the set" became an absolute. He sold his sprawling entertainment empire in 1936. Before his death in 1939, at age 72, he helped bring more than 200 German-Jewish refugees to Los Angeles. A nephew, Max, founded the local Laemmle Theatres chain. Universal City did not welcome tourists again until July 15, 1964, with the opening of the Universal Studios Hollywood theme park and its included Studio Tour. The next few decades saw the arrival of hotels, an amphitheater, and Universal CityWalk, a faux city street and popular destination for tourists and locals. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Universal City, California」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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